(1)陈述语气第三人称单数一般现在时形:
(a)原形动词词尾+“-s”:
help(帮助)→helps
come(来)→comes
(b)原形动词词尾“ch,sh,o,s,x”+“-es”:
teach(教)→teaches
wash(洗)→washes
go(去)→goes
kiss(吻)→kisses
fix(安装)→fixes
(c)原形动词词尾为“辅音字母+y”时,去“y”后加“-ies”,若是“元音字母+y”,只加“-s”:
study(学习)→studies
play(游戏)→plays
解说 本项规则的“第三人称单数”是指句子的主语。例如:
I go to school on a bicycle every day .
You go to school on a bicycle every day.
She goes to school on a bicycle every day.
第三人称单数形式动词词尾“-(e)s”的发音规则
(a)原形动词词尾发音为[CM,DN,M,K,L]时,加了“-(e)s”应发[!L]音,并为一音节。例如:
teach[C!:CM]→teaches['C!:CM!L] (教)
change[!M-!QDN] →changes['CM-!QDN!L] (改变)
wash[V&M] →washes['V&M!L] (洗)
pass[A%:K] →passes['A%:K!L] (通过)
use[U(L] →uses['U(::L!L] (使用)
注:如上面各例所示,单音节原形动词因加了“-(e)s”即成为双音节的动词,因此皆有重读音节。
(b)原形动词词尾发音为[A,C,G,E]时,加了“-(e)s”应发[K]音。例如:
help[O-SA]→helps[O-SAK](帮助)
want[V&QC]→wants[V&QCK](要)
laugh[S%:G]→laughs[S%:GK]
look[S(E]→looks[S(EK]
(c)原形动词词尾为浊辅音(除了[DN,L])及元音时,加了“-(e)s”应发[L]音。例如:
read[T!:D]→reads[T!:DL](读)
love[S)H]→loves[S)HL]
see[K!:]→sees[K!:L]
play[AS-!]→plays[AS-!L]
(2)现在分词(也称“-ing”形):
(a)原形动词词尾+“-ing”。